Which type of group serves as a comparison in an experiment?

In an experiment, the control group serves as a baseline for comparison against the experimental group. This group is not subjected to the treatment or condition that is being tested. Instead, the control group remains in a natural state, allowing researchers to understand how the experimental group, which does receive the treatment, deviates from this baseline. By having this comparison, scientists can determine whether the observed effects in the experimental group are due to the treatment or other factors.

In contrast, the experimental group receives the treatment or condition being tested and is compared against the control group. Variables are elements that can change in the experiment, and a measurement group is not a standard term used in the context of experimental design. Thus, the correct identification of the control group is essential for validating the results of an experiment.