Which environment is likely to support high biodiversity?

Coral reefs are renowned for their remarkable biodiversity and are often referred to as the "rainforests of the sea." These ecosystems are characterized by a complex structure formed by coral polyps, which provide habitat and shelter for a multitude of marine organisms. The physical complexity of coral reefs creates numerous niches, allowing a wide variety of species to coexist.

Additionally, coral reefs are important breeding and feeding grounds for many species of fish, invertebrates, and other marine life, which further enhances the biodiversity of the area. The warm, shallow waters that typically surround coral reefs are also rich in nutrients, supporting the growth of various algae and other organisms that contribute to the overall productivity and diversity of the ecosystem.

In comparison, sandy beaches, desert regions, and polluted rivers generally have lower biodiversity due to factors such as limited habitat complexity, harsh environmental conditions, and detrimental impacts of pollution, which can drastically reduce the number of species that can thrive in these areas.