What is meant by succession in an ecological context?

Succession in an ecological context refers to the gradual process of change in community structure over time. This concept is critical in understanding how ecosystems develop and evolve after disturbances or the creation of new habitats. It typically involves a series of stages where different species colonize an area, leading to changes in species composition, diversity, and the overall ecosystem structure.

In primary succession, for example, new land formations like volcanic islands or glacier retreats are colonized by pioneer species, such as lichens and mosses, which prepare the environment for more complex communities to establish over time. Secondary succession occurs in areas where an existing community has been disturbed but soil and some organisms remain, such as after a forest fire. In both types, succession leads to a more mature ecosystem that supports a broader variety of life.

Understanding succession is essential for grasping concepts such as biodiversity, ecological resilience, and the dynamics of natural communities, which are pivotal for marine science and conservation efforts.